基于交叉对比神经网络的心音分类

目的:通过交叉对比神经网络（CCNN）实现心音信号的自动分类，从而对心血管疾病进行早期诊断。方法:实验基于PhysioNet/Cinc 2016心音数据库。训练集和测试集数据来自互斥的健康受试者/病理患者，并以4:1的比例进行划分，输入CCNN。CCNN利用深度卷积神经网络进行特征提取，结合基于信息的相似度度量理论（IBS），对特征向量间的相似性进行度量并分类。结果:实验结果得出灵敏度为0.834 6，特异性为0.962 3，最终大赛综合得分为0.898 5。结论:CCNN使用交叉对比的输入模式扩充数据量，引入信号间的对比信息，同时在神经网络的训练过程中应用统计学思想，使网络具备良好的泛化性，更加适应医学数据量较少的场景，在心音分类中取得较好的结果。     

关节镜下经髌腱入路空心拉力螺钉复位固定治疗胫骨髁间嵴撕脱骨折*

目的探讨在关节镜下经髌腱入路,利用空心拉力螺钉复位固定胫骨髁间嵴撕脱骨折(TEFx)的安全性和有效性。方法选取2014年1月-2015年12月23例TEFx的患者,均在关节镜下经髌腱入路,用空心拉力螺钉复位固定。术前Meyers-McKeever分型:Ⅱ型8例,Ⅲ型10例,Ⅳ型5例;男17例,女6例;年龄16～53岁,平均27.8岁。术前前抽屉试验、Lachman试验均阳性。比较术前术后的视觉模拟评分(VAS)、Lysholm、Tegner和国际膝关节文献委员会(IKDC)评分评价患侧膝关节功能。结果 23例患者均得到随访,随访时间30～40个月,平均36个月。术后即刻X线片示TEFx均复位良好,术后3个月骨折均愈合。无1例感染、关节僵硬、伸直受限、复位丢失及神经血管损伤等并发症。最终随访患侧膝关节活动度均恢复正常,前抽屉试验、Lachman试验均阴性。VAS评分术前(4.8±1.2)分,最终随访为(1.2±0.8)分,术前术后比较,差异有统计学意义(t=18.72,P=0.003);Lysholm评分术前为(50.8±6.2)分,最终随访为(90.8±5.4)分,术前术后比较,差异有统计学意义(t=-42.64,P=0.000);Tegner评分术前为(4.0±1.0)分,最终随访为(5.1±1.2)分,术前术后比较,差异有统计学意义(t=-16.82,P=0.005);IKDC主观评分术前为(52.5±7.4)分,最终随访为(91.5±5.7)分,术前术后比较,差异有统计学意义(t=-40.58,P=0.000)。结论膝关节镜下经髌腱入路空心拉力螺钉内固定治疗TEFx具有微创、操作简捷、固定可靠和恢复快的优点。     

DVH预测模型在VMAT计划培训中的应用

目的:以宫颈癌为例，探索使用剂量体积直方图（DVH）预测模型培训放疗物理师容积旋转调强（VMAT）计划设计的可行性及其效果。方法:随机选取20例宫颈癌测试病例对3名见习物理师进行两个阶段培训（第一阶段15例，第二阶段5例）。每位物理师分别采用两种方法设计VMAT计划:传统人工计划（MP）和基于DVH预测模型引导的自动计划（KBP）。对比不同阶段两种计划靶区和危及器官的各种剂量学参数，并做相应统计分析。结果:与人工计划相比，自动计划在明显提高PGTV靶区V60覆盖（P<0.001），改善高剂量控制（V66）（P=0.027）的情况下，显著降低膀胱（P<0.001）、直肠（P<0.001）、左右肾（P=0.001和P<0.001）以及左右侧股骨头（P<0.001和P<0.001）等绝大部分正常组织器官的受照剂量。在提高计划合格率的同时，亦减小了计划者间的质量差异。结论:DVH预测模型有助于深化物理师对VMAT初始优化参数设置的理解，加快培训进度，提升VMAT计划设计水平。     

Chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis protects against recurrence in patients with cN0 papillary thyroid cancer

BackgroundChronic lymphocytic thyroiditis (CLT) frequently coexists with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) that exhibits normal thyroid function. However, few studies have investigated the relationship between CLT and clinically lymph node (LN)-negative PTC. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between subclinical central LN metastasis and CLT, and to assess the impact of CLT on the recurrence of clinically LN-negative PTC.MethodsWe investigated the medical records of 850 patients with PTC who underwent prophylactic bilateral central neck dissection as well as total thyroidectomy between 2004 and 2010; the median follow-up time was 95.5 months (range, 12–158 months).ResultsCLT was observed in 480 patients (56.5%). Female sex, a preoperative thyroid-stimulating hormone level >2.5 mU/L, a primary tumor ≤1 cm, no gross extrathyroidal extension, high number of harvested LNs, low number of metastatic LNs, and positive anti-thyroglobulin (Tg) antibody at 1 year post-initial treatment were significantly associated with the presence of CLT. Multivariate analysis revealed that patients with N1a stage (vs. N0 stage; hazard ratio [HR], 3.255; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.290–8.213; p = 0.012) and positive anti-Tg antibody at 1 year post-initial treatment (vs. negative anti-Tg antibody; HR, 5.118; 95% CI, 2.130–12.296; p < 0.001) had poorer recurrence-free survival (RFS), while those with CLT (vs. no CLT; HR, 0.357; 95% CI, 0.157–0.812; p = 0.014) had favorable RFS outcomes.ConclusionsCLT is associated with less aggressive tumor characteristics and LN metastasis. Clinically LN-negative PTC patients with CLT experience longer RFS intervals than those without CLT.     

小金胶囊联合左甲状腺素钠片治疗桥本氏甲状腺炎的临床研究

目的:探讨小金胶囊联合左甲状腺素钠片治疗桥本氏甲状腺炎的临床研究。方法:选取2017年8月—2019年1月收治的桥本氏甲状腺炎患者106例,按照数字表法将其随机分为两组,对照组应用左甲状腺素钠片治疗,研究组应用小金胶囊联合左甲状腺素钠片治疗,对两组患者临床疗效、甲状腺功能及炎症反应等指标进行分析。结果:研究组的临床治愈比例高于对照组(50.9%vs 18.7%);研究组的T3(2.2±0.5) nmol/L、T4(124.2±17.8) nmol/L、FT3(4.3±0.7) pmol/L及FT4(14.4±2.9) pmol/L与对照组无明显差异(P 0.05),研究组的TSH(1.8±0.2)μIU/L低于对照组(P 0.05);研究组甲状腺抗体水平TG-Ab(253.4±12.8) IU/mL、TPO-Ab(241.3±12.8) IU/mL均低于对照组(P 0.05);研究组IL-8(0.4±0.2) ng/mL、IL-17(7.4±2.1) pg/mL及APN(5.9±1.1)μg/mL低于对照组(P 0.05),研究组的IL-10(91.8±12.6) pg/mL高于对照组(P 0.05);研究组不良反应(22.64%)与对照组(24.53%)无明显差异(P 0.05)。结论:采用小金胶囊联合左甲状腺素钠片治疗桥本氏甲状腺炎患者,能有效改善患者甲状腺抗体水平,调节自身炎症因子平衡,具有较高的安全性,可以在临床中进行进一步推广。     

基于Bark域的电子耳蜗频带划分分析和拟合研究

目前电子耳蜗主流的言语处理策略是基于滤波器组的言语处理算法，该算法通过分频带进行信号处理并把参数传递到对应的电极上。电子耳蜗滤波器组的频带划分不是等分的，而是按一定规律进行并且符合人耳听觉特性的，其中，Bark域的频带划分是重要的参考。本研究基于Bark域的电子耳蜗频带划分方法，探讨Bark域频带划分的特性并结合目前的电子耳蜗滤波器组的频带划分进行分析，进而探讨频带划分中的曲线拟合方法，为电子耳蜗滤波器组中的频带划分提供重要的方法和参数。     

Genome wide identification of new genes and pathways in patients with both autoimmune thyroiditis and type 1 diabetes

Autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) and Type 1 diabetes (T1D) frequently occur in the same individual pointing to a strong shared genetic susceptibility. Indeed, the co-occurrence of T1D and AITD in the same individual is classified as a variant of the autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 3 (designated APS3v). Our aim was to identify new genes and mechanisms causing the co-occurrence of T1D + AITD (APS3v) in the same individual using a genome-wide approach. For our discovery set we analyzed 346 Caucasian APS3v patients and 727 gender and ethnicity matched healthy controls. Genotyping was performed using the Illumina Human660W-Quad.v1. The replication set included 185 APS3v patients and 340 controls. Association analyses were performed using the PLINK program, and pathway analyses were performed using the MAGENTA software. We identified multiple signals within the HLA region and conditioning studies suggested that a few of them contributed independently to the strong association of the HLA locus with APS3v. Outside the HLA region, variants in GPR103, a gene not suggested by previous studies of APS3v, T1D, or AITD, showed genome-wide significance (p < 5 × 10⁻⁸). In addition, a locus on 1p13 containing the PTPN22 gene showed genome-wide significant associations. Pathway analysis demonstrated that cell cycle, B-cell development, CD40, and CTLA-4 signaling were the major pathways contributing to the pathogenesis of APS3v. These findings suggest that complex mechanisms involving T-cell and B-cell pathways are involved in the strong genetic association between AITD and T1D.     

Therapeutic effect of mesenchymal stem cell on Hashimoto’s thyroiditis in a rat model by modulating Th17/Treg cell balance

Abstract

The autoimmune condition Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) is a disease wherein lymphocytes mediate the autoimmune damage and destruction of the thyroid gland. There are currently no effective means of treating HT, with the primary strategies of thyroid hormone therapy, surgery, or immunomodulatory therapy being associated with serious risks and side effects. There is thus a clear and urgent need to identify novel treatments for HT. In this study, we utilize female SD rats induced HT to evaluated the ability of transplanted MSCs to regulate Th17/Treg interactions in a rat Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) model system. The results showed that Rats in the HT model group exhibited increased thyroid autoantibody levels consistent with successful model development, whereas these levels were lower in rats treated with MSCs. There were also fewer thyroid lesions and less lymphoid infiltration of the thyroid in MSC-treated rats relative to HT model rats, as well as fewer Th17 cells and more Treg cells – an observation consistent with the cytokine analyses. All of these showed that MSCs can regulate Th17/Treg interactions in a rat Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) model system. It suggested that transplanted MSCs could be a potential immunotherapy strategy for the treatment of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis.     

超声引导下双侧多点竖脊肌平面阻滞在后路脊柱侧凸矫正融合术中的应用

目的:探讨超声引导下双侧多点竖脊肌平面阻滞（ESPB）在后路脊柱侧凸矫正全麻手术中的应用和对术后镇痛的影响。方法:选取择期后路脊柱侧凸矫正融合术患者40例，ASA分级Ⅰ~Ⅱ，按照随机数字表法将所有患者分为ESPB组（E组）和对照组（C组），每组20例。E组于全身麻醉诱导前30 min分别行双侧T5和T10水平的ESPB，C组注射等量生理盐水。注药20 min后使用针刺痛觉评估法监测感觉阻滞平面。两组患者均采用相同的麻醉诱导及麻醉维持方案，术中均采用Narcotrend监测麻醉镇静深度。术后均行舒芬太尼自控静脉镇痛。记录两组患者术中麻醉药物用量、术后苏醒时间、术后2、4、6、12、24 h静息视觉模拟评分（VAS评分）和24 h PCA镇痛泵舒芬太尼用量及PCA按压次数；相关不良反应（恶心呕吐、呼吸抑制）以及阻滞相关并发症（穿刺部位感染、血肿、局麻药中毒）。结果:E组患者术中麻醉药物用量、苏醒时间、术后2、4、6、12 h VAS评分和PCA舒芬太尼用量及PCA按压次数均低于C组（P<0.05）。但术后24 h VAS评分两组比较差异无统计学意义。E组未出现穿刺部位感染、血肿、局麻药中毒等并发症。结论:超声引导下双侧多点ESPB在后路脊柱侧凸矫正融合术中能提供良好的镇痛，可以缩短麻醉苏醒时间，降低围术期阿片类药物的使用。